Kidney Stones Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Kidney Stones, including details on causes, symptoms, treatment, diagnosis of nephrolithiasis, calculi.

Presence of gallstones or kidney stones and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Weikert C, Weikert S, Schulze MB, Pischon T, Fritsche A, Bergmann MM, Willich SN, Boeing H

Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke,Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. weikert@dife.de

Recent evidence suggests that gallstones and kidney stones are associated with insulin resistance, but the relation between stone diseases and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus is not clear. Participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study (Potsdam, Germany) provided information about the presence of gallstones and kidney stones at recruitment between 1994 and 1998. On biennial questionnaires, participants reported newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, and confirmation was obtained from treating physicians. During a mean follow-up period of 7.0 years between 1994 and 2005, 849 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified among 25,166 participants. After adjustment for sex, age, waist circumference, and lifestyle risk factors, persons with reported gallstones (n = 3,293) had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk = 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.68). Among the 23,817 participants with information on reported kidney stones (784 cases of incident diabetes), those who developed kidney stones (n = 2,468) were not at increased risk of diabetes in multivariable-adjusted models (relative risk = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.27). These findings suggest that gallstones, but not kidney stones, may predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, providing physicians with an interventional opportunity to implement adequate prevention measures.

Published 5 February 2010 in Am J Epidemiol, 171(4): 447-54.
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Articles on Kidney Stones published 28 January 2010:

The association of increasing body mass index and kidney stone disease.   J Urol, 183(2): 571-5.

PURPOSE: Previous epidemiological works have reported that obesity is a risk factor for kidney stone disease. However, the effect of increasing degrees of obesity on stone formation has yet to be defined. To address this question we examined how an increasing body mass index affects the risk of kidney stone disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated claims from a 5-year period (2002 to 2006) in a national private insurance database to identify subjects diagnosed with or treated for kidney ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Hypertension is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion in patients with nephrolithiasis.   J Urol, 183(2): 576-9.

PURPOSE: The epidemiological relationship between nephrolithiasis and hypertension is well-known. Patients with hypertension are at increased risk for nephrolithiasis and those with nephrolithiasis are at risk for hypertension. Urine calcium or urine citrate may be related to hypertension status. We examined the relationship between hypertension and 24-hour urine composition in patients with nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the database on 462 stone forming ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Effect of escalating versus fixed voltage treatment on stone comminution and renal injury during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a prospective randomized trial.   J Urol, 183(2): 580-4.

PURPOSE: ESWL is a minimally invasive, efficacious therapy for most renal stones. However, an optimal voltage treatment protocol ensuring effective stone comminution while minimizing tissue injury is not well established. We performed a prospective, randomized trial of the stone-free rate and renoprotective effect of an escalating vs a fixed voltage treatment strategy during ESWL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 2006 and June 2008 we enrolled 45 patients undergoing ESWL for a renal ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Kidney Stones published 7 January 2010:

Homozygous SLC2A9 mutations cause severe renal hypouricemia.   J Am Soc Nephrol, 21(1): 64-72.

Hereditary hypouricemia may result from mutations in the renal tubular uric acid transporter URAT1. Whether mutation of other uric acid transporters produces a similar phenotype is unknown. We studied two families who had severe hereditary hypouricemia and did not have a URAT1 defect. We performed a genome-wide homozygosity screen and linkage analysis and identified the candidate gene SLC2A9, which encodes the glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9). Both families had homozygous SLC2A9 mutations: A ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Risk factors for CKD in persons with kidney stones: a case-control study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.   Am J Kidney Dis, 55(1): 61-8.

BACKGROUND: Kidney stones are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, risk factors in the general community are poorly defined. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control study was performed in residents of Olmsted County, MN, who presented with a kidney stone at the Mayo Clinic in 1980-1994 to contrast patients with kidney stones who developed CKD with a group that did not. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Participants were selected from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Kidney Stones published 16 December 2009:

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large or multiple upper tract calculi and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.   J Urol, 183(1): 183-7.

PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is standard therapy for upper tract calculi larger than 2 cm. However, the role of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has not been well evaluated. We report our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: cost comparison of immediate second look flexible nephroscopy versus expectant management.   J Urol, 183(1): 188-93.

PURPOSE: We performed a cost comparison of immediate second look flexible nephroscopy vs expectant management for post-percutaneous nephrostolithotomy residual fragments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a decision analysis model to compare the cost of managing residual fragments by second look flexible nephroscopy vs observation. Outcomes of residual fragments after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy were determined from institutional experience and published shock wave lithotripsy series. Cost ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Kidney Stones published 1 December 2009:

Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood urolithiasis.   Pediatrics, 124(6): e1088-94.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to establish the clinical presentation and features of pain attacks in children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and urolithiasis. METHODS: We compared the rate of previous appendectomy among 100 consecutive patients with that of 270 control subjects. We also compared the frequency of pain attacks with that reported by children with functional or organic gastrointestinal RAP. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients had no history of dysuria or gross hematuria, and only 35 had ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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